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经典游戏贪吃蛇(Python版)

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贪吃蛇游戏是最受欢迎的街机游戏之一。在这款游戏中,玩家的主要目标是在不撞到墙壁或自身的情况下捕捉最多的食物。在学习 Python 或 Pygame 的过程中,可以将制作贪吃蛇游戏作为一项挑战。它是最适合初学者的项目之一,学习制作贪吃蛇游戏是一项既有趣又好玩的事情。

在这篇文章中,我们将使用 Pygame 来制作一个贪吃蛇游戏。Pygame 是一个专为制作视频游戏而设计的开源库。它有内置的图形和声音库,对初学者也很友好,而且可以跨平台使用。

安装:
安装 Pygame时,需要打开命令终端窗口,在窗口中键入以下安装指令:

pip install pygame

如果下载速度太慢,可以在指令中指定使用国内镜像源安装,如清华镜像源:

pip install pygame -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

安装完 Pygame 后,我们就可以开始创建酷酷的贪吃蛇游戏了。

使用 Pygame 一步步创建贪吃蛇游戏:

第一步: 首先,我们要导入必要的程序库。

  • 然后,我们将定义游戏窗口的宽度和高度。
  • 接着以 RGB 格式定义我们将在游戏中用于显示文本的颜色。
# importing libraries
import pygame
import time
import random

snake_speed = 15

# Window size
window_x = 720
window_y = 480

# defining colors
black = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
white = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
red = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
green = pygame.Color(0, 255, 0)
blue = pygame.Color(0, 0, 255)

 第二步:导入库后,我们需要使用 pygame.init() 方法初始化 Pygame。

  • 使用上一步中定义的宽度和高度创建一个游戏窗口。
  • 这里pygame.time.Clock() 将用于控制游戏的刷新频率,以改变蛇的速度。
# Initialising pygame
pygame.init()
 
# Initialise game window
pygame.display.set_caption('STBGame Snakes')
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((window_x, window_y))
 
# FPS (frames per second) controller
fps = pygame.time.Clock()

 第三步: 初始化蛇的位置和大小。

  • 在初始化蛇的位置后,将食物随机设置到游戏窗口内的任意位置。
  • 将方向设置为 RIGHT,让用户启动游戏时,小蛇在游戏窗口内向右移动。
# defining snake default position 
snake_position = [100, 50]
 
# defining first 4 blocks of snake
# body
snake_body = [  [100, 50],
                [90, 50],
                [80, 50],
                [70, 50]
            ]
# food position 
food_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10,
                  random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
food_spawn = True
 
# setting default snake direction 
# towards right
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction

第四步: 创建一个显示玩家得分的函数。

  • 在这个函数中,我们首先创建一个字体对象,通过字体对象可以设置字体的颜色等属性。
  • 然后,我们使用 render 创建一个surface显示层,每当用户分数变化时,我们都将更新surface显示层展示新的分数。
  • 为得分文本surface显示层对象创建一个矩形object对象(得分文本将在此刷新)。
  • 然后,我们调用 blit 函数显示玩家的分数。blit 函数带有两个参数:文本surface显示层和对应的位置。
# initial score
score = 0
 
# displaying Score function
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):
   
    # creating font object score_font 
    score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
     
    # create the display surface object
    # score_surface
    score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
     
    # create a rectangular object for the 
    # text surface object
    score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
     
    # displaying text
    game_window.blit(score_surface, score_rect)

第五步:现在创建一个游戏结束函数,当蛇撞到墙壁或自身后显示得分。

  • 在第一行中,我们创建了一个字体object对象,用来显示分数。
  • 然后,我们创建得分文本surface表面来呈现分数。
  • 然后,我们把文本的位置设置为游戏窗口的中间位置。
  • 使用 blit 更新用户得分,并通过 flip() 在游戏窗口中显示分数。
  • 我们在调用 quit() 函数关闭游戏窗口前,使用 sleep(2) 等待 2 秒钟。
# game over function
def game_over():
   
    # creating font object my_font
    my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('times new roman', 50)
     
    # creating a text surface on which text 
    # will be drawn
    game_over_surface = my_font.render('Your Score is : ' + str(score), True, red)
     
    # create a rectangular object for the text
    # surface object
    game_over_rect = game_over_surface.get_rect()
     
    # setting position of the text
    game_over_rect.midtop = (window_x/2, window_y/4)
     
    # blit will draw the text on screen
    game_window.blit(game_over_surface, game_over_rect)
    pygame.display.flip()
     
    # after 2 seconds we will quit the 
    # program
    time.sleep(2)
     
    # deactivating pygame library
    pygame.quit()
     
    # quit the program
    quit()

第六步: 现在,我们将创建游戏的主函数,该函数将执行以下操作:

  • 根据玩家在键盘上按下的方向键,设置蛇移动的方向,并设置一个特殊的判断条件,防止蛇向相反方向移动。
  • 如果蛇碰到食物,我们将玩家得分递增 10,并在游戏窗口的随机位置创建新的食物。
  • 之后,我们检查蛇是否撞到墙壁。如果蛇撞到墙,调用游戏结束函数。
  • 检查蛇是否撞到了自己,如果撞到自己,调用游戏结束函数。
  • 游戏结束时,使用前面创建的 show_score 函数显示分数。
# Main Function
while True:
   
    # handling key events
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                change_to = 'UP'
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                change_to = 'DOWN'
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                change_to = 'LEFT'
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                change_to = 'RIGHT'
 
    # If two keys pressed simultaneously 
    # we don't want snake to move into two directions
    # simultaneously
    if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
        direction = 'UP'
    if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
        direction = 'DOWN'
    if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
        direction = 'LEFT'
    if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
        direction = 'RIGHT'
 
    # Moving the snake
    if direction == 'UP':
        snake_position[1] -= 10
    if direction == 'DOWN':
        snake_position[1] += 10
    if direction == 'LEFT':
        snake_position[0] -= 10
    if direction == 'RIGHT':
        snake_position[0] += 10
 
    # Snake body growing mechanism 
    # if food and snakes collide then scores will be 
    # incremented by 10
    snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_position))
    if snake_position[0] == food_position[0] and snake_position[1] == food_position[1]:
        score += 10
        food_spawn = False
    else:
        snake_body.pop()
         
    if not food_spawn:
        food_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10, 
                          random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
         
    food_spawn = True
    game_window.fill(black)
     
    for pos in snake_body:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_window, green, pygame.Rect(
          pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
         
    pygame.draw.rect(game_window, white, pygame.Rect(
      food_position[0], food_position[1], 10, 10))
 
    # Game Over conditions
    if snake_position[0] < 0 or snake_position[0] > window_x-10:
        game_over()
    if snake_position[1] < 0 or snake_position[1] > window_y-10:
        game_over()
     
    # Touching the snake body
    for block in snake_body[1:]:
        if snake_position[0] == block[0] and snake_position[1] == block[1]:
            game_over()
     
    # displaying score continuously
    show_score(1, white, 'times new roman', 20)
     
    # Refresh game screen
    pygame.display.update()
 
    # Frame Per Second /Refresh Rate
    fps.tick(snake_speed)

现在,我们已经实现了贪吃蛇游戏的基本功能,游戏的完整代码展示如下:

# importing libraries
import pygame
import time
import random

snake_speed = 15

# Window size
window_x = 720
window_y = 480

# defining colors
black = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
white = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
red = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
green = pygame.Color(0, 255, 0)
blue = pygame.Color(0, 0, 255)

# Initialising pygame
pygame.init()

# Initialise game window
pygame.display.set_caption('STBGame Snakes')
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((window_x, window_y))

# FPS (frames per second) controller
fps = pygame.time.Clock()

# defining snake default position
snake_position = [100, 50]

# defining first 4 blocks of snake body
snake_body = [[100, 50],
			[90, 50],
			[80, 50],
			[70, 50]
			]
# food position
food_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10, 
				random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]

food_spawn = True

# setting default snake direction towards
# right
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction

# initial score
score = 0

# displaying Score function
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):

	# creating font object score_font
	score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
	
	# create the display surface object 
	# score_surface
	score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
	
	# create a rectangular object for the text
	# surface object
	score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
	
	# displaying text
	game_window.blit(score_surface, score_rect)

# game over function
def game_over():

	# creating font object my_font
	my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('times new roman', 50)
	
	# creating a text surface on which text 
	# will be drawn
	game_over_surface = my_font.render(
		'Your Score is : ' + str(score), True, red)
	
	# create a rectangular object for the text 
	# surface object
	game_over_rect = game_over_surface.get_rect()
	
	# setting position of the text
	game_over_rect.midtop = (window_x/2, window_y/4)
	
	# blit will draw the text on screen
	game_window.blit(game_over_surface, game_over_rect)
	pygame.display.flip()
	
	# after 2 seconds we will quit the program
	time.sleep(2)
	
	# deactivating pygame library
	pygame.quit()
	
	# quit the program
	quit()


# Main Function
while True:
	
	# handling key events
	for event in pygame.event.get():
		if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
			if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
				change_to = 'UP'
			if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
				change_to = 'DOWN'
			if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
				change_to = 'LEFT'
			if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
				change_to = 'RIGHT'

	# If two keys pressed simultaneously
	# we don't want snake to move into two 
	# directions simultaneously
	if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
		direction = 'UP'
	if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
		direction = 'DOWN'
	if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
		direction = 'LEFT'
	if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
		direction = 'RIGHT'

	# Moving the snake
	if direction == 'UP':
		snake_position[1] -= 10
	if direction == 'DOWN':
		snake_position[1] += 10
	if direction == 'LEFT':
		snake_position[0] -= 10
	if direction == 'RIGHT':
		snake_position[0] += 10

	# Snake body growing mechanism
	# if food and snakes collide then scores
	# will be incremented by 10
	snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_position))
	if snake_position[0] == food_position[0] and snake_position[1] == food_position[1]:
		score += 10
		food_spawn = False
	else:
		snake_body.pop()
		
	if not food_spawn:
		food_position = [random.randrange(1, (window_x//10)) * 10, 
						random.randrange(1, (window_y//10)) * 10]
		
	food_spawn = True
	game_window.fill(black)
	
	for pos in snake_body:
		pygame.draw.rect(game_window, green,
						pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
	pygame.draw.rect(game_window, white, pygame.Rect(
		food_position[0], food_position[1], 10, 10))

	# Game Over conditions
	if snake_position[0] < 0 or snake_position[0] > window_x-10:
		game_over()
	if snake_position[1] < 0 or snake_position[1] > window_y-10:
		game_over()

	# Touching the snake body
	for block in snake_body[1:]:
		if snake_position[0] == block[0] and snake_position[1] == block[1]:
			game_over()

	# displaying score continuously
	show_score(1, white, 'times new roman', 20)

	# Refresh game screen
	pygame.display.update()

	# Frame Per Second /Refresh Rate
	fps.tick(snake_speed)

上文中用Python与Pygame实现了贪吃蛇游戏的基本功能,有经验的用户可以下载代码自己运行试玩了,还可以调整游戏中的相关设置改变升级这个游戏。我们也以此为基础,对贪吃蛇游戏进行升级,划分为Snake类,Food类,游戏Setting配置类,更便于新手学习Python编程语言的开发与软件设计的思想。如果需要,请联系站长获取“本游戏”优化版完整代码及《玩游戏学编程》系列中“本项目”对应的详细开发指导教程。

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